Solar panel | Solar panel act as components that change sunlight to electricity using solar cells. They serve as an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a device that collects sunlight to produce heat, typically used for water heating or room heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, indoor heating, or electricity generation. It is a renewable and eco-friendly technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic country in the UK known for its rich cultural heritage, notable attractions, and bustling cities like London. It boasts a varied terrain of undulating terrain, ancient castles, and bustling urban centers that mix heritage with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the organic radiance emitted by the sun, essential for living organisms on Earth as it provides energy for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by controlling our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a form of power generated by the flow of ions, primarily electrons. It drives numerous systems and systems, facilitating modern life and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the one-way movement of electric charge, usually produced by batteries, power supplies, and solar cells. It provides a consistent voltage or current, making it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a instrument that accumulates chemical energy and changes it into current to power various electronic gadgets. It includes several electrochemical units, each housing positive and negative electrodes interposed by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts sunlight directly into power using photovoltaic panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly power option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a device that transforms DC created by solar panels into AC suitable for domestic use and grid integration. It plays a crucial role in enhancing energy performance and ensuring safe, consistent energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that changes polarity periodically, typically used in domestic and industrial power supplies. It permits efficient transmission of electricity over extended spans and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that manages the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from overcharging and harm. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a instrument used to measure the dimension, amount, or level of something accurately. It includes instruments like rulers, temperature sensors, and barometers that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that instantaneously its orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, increasing energy absorption. This innovation enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are massive installations that capture sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They provide a green and eco-friendly energy resource, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves setting up photovoltaic cells on roofs of buildings to produce electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps cut down on reliance on non-renewable fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-tied solar energy setup changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This energy is then sent wirelessly to our planet for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems save excess electricity generated from renewable energy or the power grid for subsequent consumption, boosting energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These installations generally use batteries to deliver backup power, lower energy expenses, and support grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar cells tracks the progress and advancements in solar power tech from the early invention of the photovoltaic effect to modern high-performance solar panels. It highlights key innovations, including the creation of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous advances that have greatly improved power conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic scientist noted for his groundbreaking work in the study of the solar effect and glow. His experiments laid the basis for understanding how illumination interacts with particular media to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrical engineer and researcher known for discovering the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and progress in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an free framework used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an United States creator who created the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work set the groundwork for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work paved the way for modern solar power technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a famous innovative organization historically associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the source of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and 14, widely known for its crucial role in the production of electronic components and solar panels. It is a tough, brittle solid substance with a blue-grey metallic luster, predominantly employed as a semiconductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a small component installed on each solar panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This method enhances system effectiveness, facilitates better performance oversight, and increases energy production in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a unit that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the solar energy process. It is commonly used in solar arrays to supply a renewable and eco-friendly energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that offers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon acts as a fundamental particle representing a quantum of light and other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum without having rest mass. It plays a key role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the phenomenon by which specific substances convert sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the fundamental foundation behind solar panel systems, allowing the utilization of solar energy for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where microprocessors are built through processes like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic devices due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its structured, systematic crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their lightweight, bendable structure, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a reduced expense. They use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and permanent equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as users, furnishings, and environmental factors. Both are essential considerations in building planning to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components sequentially, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits join components across the same voltage source, allowing various paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current allocation, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification is the rate at which electricity is conveyed by an electric circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. It is generated through various sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable sources, and fundamental for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a standard of energy transfer rate in the metric system, representing the speed of energy flow or transformation. It is equivalent to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic potential difference between two points, which causes the flow of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and shows the power per individual charge available to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the derived unit of electric potential, potential difference, and voltage in the SI system. It measures the voltage per coulomb between locations in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the passage of electricity through a metal wire, usually measured in amps. It is necessary for energizing electronic equipment and facilitating the operation of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp represents the standard of electrical flow in the SI units, represented by A. It indicates the movement of electric charge through a circuit over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the amount of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the configuration and power of power systems to ensure safe and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical enclosure used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a secure and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a simple and uniform method of delivering electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is commonly used for recharging and supplying a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a instrument that converts DC from supplies like batteries or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It enables the use of common electrical appliances in environments where only direct current electricity is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack serves as an collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically adjust the angle of solar panels to follow the solar trajectory throughout the 24 hours, enhancing solar energy capture. This innovation boosts the performance of solar energy collection by ensuring ideal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to enhance the power generation of solar energy systems by continuously adjusting the working point to correspond to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules. This methodology provides the highest efficiency power harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by separately enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a instrument that monitors and evaluates the efficiency of solar power systems in live, providing valuable data on energy production and system status. It assists maximize solar energy output by spotting faults promptly and securing highest efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a sustainable energy source. They are frequently used in solar panels to supply energy to homes, appliances, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of numerous small silicon crystal structures, commonly used in solar modules and microchip production. Its manufacturing process involves melting and reforming silicon to generate a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure appropriate for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a ultra-pure type of silicon with a single lattice framework, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronic devices. Its uniform framework allows for better electron flow, resulting in superior efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a kind of film solar system that provides a cost-effective and high-performance option for extensive solar energy generation. They are known as their excellent absorption capability and relatively reduced manufacturing costs versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are laminate solar devices that utilize a composite compound of Cu, In, gallium, and Se to transform sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are noted for their high absorption effectiveness, bendability, and possibility for lightweight, affordable solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a non-ordered atomic structure, making it more flexible and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is frequently used in thin-film solar cells and electronic devices due to its affordability and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic modules aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and new techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar cells are advanced photovoltaic devices that employ various p-n junctions arranged together to absorb a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, significantly boosting their efficiency. These are mainly used in space satellites and high-performance solar power installations due to their superior energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that transform solar radiation into electric power to operate onboard equipment. They are typically lightweight, robust, and designed to operate efficiently in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metal, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and efficiency in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use focusing elements or mirrors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-band solar cells, substantially improving energy conversion efficiency. This technology is ideal for large capacity solar power plants in regions with direct sunlight, providing a economical approach for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Thin-film silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and bendable form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CuInGaSe2 as the solar semiconductor, known for excellent energy conversion and flexibility. They offer a lightweight, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with excellent performance in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a delicate layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in diverse technological fields. These films are essential in electronics, optics, and coverings for their particular physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a layer of compound covering fractions of a nanometer to a few microns in dimension, often placed on surfaces for purposeful functions. These coatings are used in multiple sectors, including electronic devices, optical technologies, and medicine, to modify surface characteristics or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are units of measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to depict minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are high-precision gauges used to precisely measure small distances or widths, generally in machining and manufacturing. They feature a scaled screw device that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a narrow, disk-shaped piece of silicon crystal used as the platform for producing semiconductor devices. It serves as the foundational material in the manufacture of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are compact solar units known for their high efficiency and flexibility, making them suitable for multiple fields. They employ a multilayer layered semiconductor setup that transforms sunlight straight into electricity with excellent performance in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is recognized for being economical and having a moderately high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert solar energy directly into energy using PV cells, supplying a sustainable energy source for household, commercial, and utility-scale applications. They offer a clean, renewable, and cost-effective way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and reduce CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that converts sunlight into electrical energy using a light-sensitive dye to capture light and create electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for clear and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for cost-effective, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photoelectric devices that employ organic materials, to transform sun's energy into electrical power. They are easy to handle, bendable, and provide cost-effective, large-area solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising semiconductor substance used in layer solar cells due to its plentiful and safe elements. Its excellent optical-electronic properties make it an appealing option for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of building materials, such as roofing, outer walls, and windows. This innovative approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency permits light to scatter through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves placing a thin film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures glazing to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and gives a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of photovoltaic power stations details various massive solar energy facilities around the globe, demonstrating their output and sites. These facilities play a important role in green energy production and international efforts to cut carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are extensive facilities that turn sunlight straight into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They play a vital role in clean energy production, cutting dependence on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of problems such as contamination, global warming, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote eco-friendly methods and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from natural sources that are renewably replenished, such as the sun, wind, and hydroelectric power. It offers a renewable option to traditional fuels, reducing environmental harm and enhancing long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum, and methane, are non-replenishable supplies formed over geological eras and are consumed when used. They are the primary fuels for electricity generation and vehicle operation but pose environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy types such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and renewable resources into electrical energy. This process typically occurs in power stations where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electric current for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, harmful elements such as plumbum, quicksilver, metallic cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness measures how efficiently a solar cell converts sunlight into convertible energy. Enhancing this efficiency is key for optimizing renewable energy production and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This occurrence provided key evidence for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves placing products to increased stresses to speedily determine their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of photovoltaics has accelerated rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological progress and cost reductions. This growth is transforming the global energy landscape by boosting the share of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power plants built to generate electricity on a commercial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover vast areas and utilize solar panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a see-through component that bending light to focus or spread out rays, creating images. It is commonly used in instruments like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to lens surfaces to minimize reflections and increase light flow. It improves the sharpness and luminosity of lenses by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in such a way that their amplitude levels cancel each other out, causing a diminution or full disappearance of the combined wave. This event typically happens when the waveforms are not in phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that periodically reverses, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates following a sine wave as time progresses, permitting effective conveyance across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A compact inverter is a miniature entity used to convert direct current (DC) from a individual solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic use. It enhances system efficiency by maximizing power output at the module level and streamlines setup and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electrical power delivered through a network where the voltage and current periodically reverse orientation, enabling efficient transmission over extended ranges. It is frequently used in residences and commercial sectors to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a category of electrical plug used to supply direct current (DC) power from a power supply to an device. It usually consists of a cylindrical plug and jack that ensure a secure and dependable attachment for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a international safety validation body that tests and approves products to guarantee they meet particular safety norms. It assists consumers and businesses recognize trustworthy and secure products through rigorous evaluation and examination procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electronic networks in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this configuration, the constant current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where components are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple routes for current flow. This arrangement allows components to operate independently, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode acts as a solid-state device that permits current to flow in one sense only, functioning as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, intended to supply electrical power for multiple devices and attachments within a car. It allows users to charge electronic gadgets or run small devices while on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for linking peripherals to computers, facilitating information exchange and power delivery. It supports a wide range of peripherals such as keyboards, mouses, external drives, and smartphones, with different revisions offering higher speeds and improved functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential to maximizing energy generation and making solar power affordable and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy federal research facility dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It is committed to advancing innovations in solar, wind power, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic waves, ranging from radio signals to high-energy photons, all possessing different lengths and energy levels. This spectrum is fundamental to a wide array of devices and the natural world, enabling data exchange, healthcare imaging, and insight into the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily produced by the solar radiation. It has a important role in including vitamin D production but can also lead to skin harm and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color design based on shades of a sole hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and accord. This composition approach emphasizes simplicity and grace by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per square meter. It is a crucial parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the strength of sunlight hitting a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to measure the strength of power or power received or emitted over a specific surface, frequently in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in grasping the dispersion and movement of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of diverse tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is often used to illustrate the dispersion of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a big mass of air's with comparatively consistent temperature and humidity characteristics, originating from certain starting regions. These airmass influence climate trends and air conditions as they travel over various areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the measure of the intensity per square kilometer received from the Sun in the type of solar rays. It changes with solar activity and atmospheric factors on Earth, affecting weather patterns and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the collection of dust, and other particles on the panels of photovoltaic modules, which reduces their performance. Consistent upkeep and care are important to limit energy decrease and maintain optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when there is no current, taken across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the maximum electrical current that travels through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, takes place, bypassing the normal load. It presents a considerable safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the maximum power capacity of a solar panel under ideal sunlight conditions. It reflects the module's peak ability to produce electricity in standard testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electronic device used to check the voltage between two locations in a electronic circuit. It is widely employed in different electrical and electronic fields to ensure proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power generation and efficiency. It occurs due to current leakage and ion movement within the solar cell components, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a metalloid element necessary for plant growth and applied in multiple industrial uses, like glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It exhibits distinctive chemical properties that cause it beneficial in manufacturing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a robust and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant collects sunlight using extensive groups of photovoltaic solar panels to generate renewable electricity. It offers an eco-friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of using land for both solar energy output and farming, optimizing space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while concurrently generating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar energy devices capable of capturing sunlight using both surfaces, boosting overall energy generation. They are commonly positioned in a way that improves effectiveness by leveraging albedo reflection and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar-powered canopy is a installation that provides shade while producing electricity through built-in solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a group of several photovoltaic modules designed to create electricity from sunlight. It is often used in renewable energy systems to deliver environmentally friendly, renewable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that provides shade and shelter from the weather for exterior areas. It enhances the practicality and look of a terrace, making it a comfortable area for relaxation and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of bodies in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, typically true north, to the line connecting an observer to a target object. It is often used in routing, land measurement, and astronomy to specify the orientation of an target with respect to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential muscle strains pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor material widely used in thin-film solar panels due to its superior efficiency and cost efficiency. It exhibits excellent optical properties, making it a popular option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies showcases the major manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are key in advancing solar energy adoption and advancement across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of electricity equal to one billion W, used to quantify large-scale electricity output and utilization. It is commonly associated with generating stations, power grids, and major power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin-film solar cells that deliver high efficiency and affordable energy production. The company is dedicated to green renewable energy advancement and reducing the global dependence on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in smoothly connecting various elements of industrial and automation systems to boost performance and dependability. It aims on building advanced solutions that promote smooth communication and interoperability among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a top Chinese-based firm expert in the manufacturing and development of solar-powered photovoltaic items and systems. Famous for cutting-edge technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to one billion W, often used to describe the ability of massively scaled power generation or usage. It underscores the immense energy extent involved in modern power infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the production cost decreases as total output rises, due to gaining knowledge and improvements obtained over time. This concept highlights the importance of stored knowledge in lowering costs and enhancing efficiency in industrial processes and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics transform sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a clean, green energy source that assists reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of creating solar or wind energy is the same as or lower than the cost of buying power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that green energy sources are economically comparable with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the main electrical power supplied to homes and enterprises through a grid of power lines, offering a consistent source of energy for different appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the country, and is supplied through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all elements of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is vital for guaranteeing the efficient and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is captured from the sun's rays using photovoltaic panels to generate electricity or through solar thermal systems to generate heat. It represents a green, eco-friendly, and planet-friendly energy source that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in home, corporate, and factory sites to generate renewable, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, providing sustainable energy solutions where conventional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered products features a selection of tools that capture sunlight to convert energy, promoting eco-friendly and renewable living. These solutions include ranging from solar chargers and lights to household devices and outdoor gear, delivering flexible solutions for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a facility that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a green energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses or mirrors to focus solar radiation on advanced photovoltaic cells, considerably boosting energy capture from a compact footprint. This technology is highly suitable in areas with bright, direct sunlight plus, it offers an innovative way to reducing solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |